On 16 November 2023, an explosive device destroyed a railway track near Warsaw, Poland; Polish PM attributed sabotage to two Ukrainians working for Russian intelligence.

On November 16, 2023, an explosive device detonated on a railway track approximately 100 kilometers from Warsaw, Poland, damaging the line used daily for passengers and Western aid heading to Ukraine. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk attributed the act to two Ukrainians working for Russian intelligence, labeling it probably the most serious sabotage act in Poland since Russia's 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The European Union's top foreign policy official, Kaja Kallas, called the explosion an act of state-sponsored terrorism. This incident is part of a broader Russian hybrid warfare strategy targeting allies of Ukraine, involving sabotage, cyberattacks, disinformation, and airspace violations. Other examples include sabotage of subsea infrastructure in the Baltic Sea, political interference in Eastern European elections, airspace incursions in Nordic countries, extensive cyberattacks across Europe, and weaponization of migrants at borders, all demonstrating Russia's multi-domain hybrid approach.