European leaders met in Copenhagen on October 2, 2025, to address escalating hybrid warfare threats posed by Russia including frequent drone incursions into European airspace, sabotage at Danish military bases, and cyberattacks. French President Macron called for strategic ambiguity and unpredictability in responding to Russian provocations, emphasizing that drones violating European airspace are at great risk and can be destroyed without prior warning. He pointed to the EU’s detention of a tanker linked to a shadow fleet that finances 30-40% of Russia’s war effort as an effective measure to disrupt Moscow’s revenue. Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen called Russia a threat to all of Europe, underscoring recent drone incidents in Denmark. Poland has activated NATO Article 4 consultations after a major drone intrusion last month and pledged to shoot down Russian drones. UK Prime Minister Starmer advocated for intensifying economic sanctions on Russia’s energy sector and shadow fleet, and boosting Ukrainian air defense and anti-drone systems. These actions reflect a significant hardening of Europe’s position against Russia’s hybrid warfare tactics.

European leaders met in Copenhagen on October 2, 2025, to address escalating hybrid warfare threats posed by Russia including frequent drone incursions into European airspace, sabotage at Danish military bases, and cyberattacks. French President Macron called for strategic ambiguity and unpredictability in responding to Russian provocations, emphasizing that drones violating European airspace are at great risk and can be destroyed without prior warning. He pointed to the EU’s detention of a tanker linked to a shadow fleet that finances 30-40% of Russia’s war effort as an effective measure to disrupt Moscow’s revenue. Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen called Russia a threat to all of Europe, underscoring recent drone incidents in Denmark. Poland has activated NATO Article 4 consultations after a major drone intrusion last month and pledged to shoot down Russian drones. UK Prime Minister Starmer advocated for intensifying economic sanctions on Russia’s energy sector and shadow fleet, and boosting Ukrainian air defense and anti-drone systems. These actions reflect a significant hardening of Europe’s position against Russia’s hybrid warfare tactics.