Over 200 sanctioned Russian tankers have entered UK waters under false flags to evade sanctions, with 84 breaching territorial waters, challenging UK enforcement despite new powers.

Since the announcement of new powers to seize 'shadow fleet' vessels, at least 205 sanctioned Russian tankers have sailed through the UK's 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Of these, 84 entered Britain's territorial waters (12 nautical miles from the coast) where authorities hold greater enforcement powers. This fleet sails under false flags to evade sanctions imposed on Russia, with 25% of tankers implicated in non-proprietary shadow fleets. UK government efforts include legislation and authorization of military personnel for forced boardings. The Ministry of Defence highlighted the disruption and illegal maritime activity posed by these vessels. Despite this, some shadow fleet vessels continue to transit uncontested. Experts and officials emphasize the hybrid warfare dimension, including sabotage, cyberattacks, and disinformation as part of Moscow's strategy against the UK and Europe.