This document outlines the foundational shift in Russian military strategy, spearheaded by General Valery Gerasimov, towards 'hybrid warfare.' This strategy combines military and non-military measures to achieve political aims, posing unprecedented challenges to the West. Following the annexation of Crimea, Russia utilized hybrid tactics, including political manipulation, cyberattacks, and influence operations across Europe, alongside military actions in Ukraine and Syria, to extend its global influence and counter Western hegemony.

This document outlines the foundational shift in Russian military strategy, spearheaded by General Valery Gerasimov, towards 'hybrid warfare.' This strategy combines military and non-military measures to achieve political aims, posing unprecedented challenges to the West. Following the annexation of Crimea, Russia utilized hybrid tactics, including political manipulation, cyberattacks, and influence operations across Europe, alongside military actions in Ukraine and Syria, to extend its global influence and counter Western hegemony.