The Hybrid CoE Paper 27 discusses how non-state actors (NSAs) play a pivotal role in Russia's hybrid strategies, acting as instruments of state policy while maintaining plausible deniability. It emphasizes the complexity of relationships between NSAs and the Russian government, which are often informal and driven by profit or ideology. It notes the likely increase in reliance on NSAs since the invasion of Ukraine, underscoring their adaptability in operating across multiple domains. The report categorizes armed NSAs and their overlapping roles in destabilizing adversaries and influencing populations.

The Hybrid CoE Paper 27 discusses how non-state actors (NSAs) play a pivotal role in Russia's hybrid strategies, acting as instruments of state policy while maintaining plausible deniability. It emphasizes the complexity of relationships between NSAs and the Russian government, which are often informal and driven by profit or ideology. It notes the likely increase in reliance on NSAs since the invasion of Ukraine, underscoring their adaptability in operating across multiple domains. The report categorizes armed NSAs and their overlapping roles in destabilizing adversaries and influencing populations.