Russian 'Illegal' Spies Operating in Germany Undercover Since Start of Ukraine War

Following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, German intelligence confirms heightened deployment of 'illegal' spies—Russian agents living under false identities without diplomatic cover—in Germany and across Europe. These spies lead normal civilian lives but conduct espionage on defense policies, military support to Ukraine, and sanctions against Russia. The case of the 2011 Anschlag spy couple remains the only known German exposure, but recent arrests in the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, and elsewhere reveal a broader network. Germany aided investigations especially regarding suspects traveling to the country. The use of traditional shortwave radio for instructions reportedly increased since the onset of war, a vintage tactic combined with modern covert methods. The German domestic security agency BfV, led by Thomas Haldenwang, stated that Russia uses its full espionage toolkit including potential hostile acts, emphasizing ongoing counterintelligence operations. This reflects Russia's adaptation after large diplomatic expulsions cut its overt spy presence in Europe, intensifying reliance on clandestine agents embedded deeply over long periods or under abbreviated training as 'Illegalen Light.'